Lancet having adjustable penetration depth

ABSTRACT

Lancet device including a first housing. A first guide wall is disposed within the first housing. The first guide wall includes an opening. A cap removably mounted to the first housing. A needle holding member for holding a lancet. At least a portion of the needle holding member being able to move within the opening. A first spring for biasing the needle holding member toward an extended position. The first spring surrounding a portion of the needle holding member and being disposed between the first guide wall and a shoulder of the needle holding member. A movable trigger having a first position and a second position. A movable second housing including a proximal end, a distal end and a second guide wall arranged at the proximal end. The second guide wall including an opening. A portion of the needle holding member being able to move within the opening of the second guide wall. The second housing being configured to move the needle holding member to the retracted position when the second housing is moved away from the first housing. The proximal end of the second housing being configured to move axially within the distal end of the first housing. A second spring for biasing the second housing towards the first housing. The second spring surrounding a portion of the needle holding member and being disposed between the second guide wall and another shoulder of the needle holding member. At least a portion of the needle holding member is always retained within the first housing.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation application of U.S.application Ser. No. 11/929,164 filed on Oct. 30, 2007, which is acontinuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/463,535 filedon Jun. 18, 2003, which is a continuation application of U.S.application Ser. No. 09/592,680, filed Jun. 12, 2000, which issued asU.S. Pat. No. 7,175,641 on Feb. 13, 2007 and which is a continuation ofU.S. application Ser. No. 09/433,366, filed Nov. 3, 1999, which issuedas U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,051 and which is a divisional application of U.S.application Ser. No. 09/095,902, filed Jun. 11, 1998, which issued asU.S. Pat. No. 6,022,366. The entire disclosures of U.S. application Ser.Nos. 11/929,164, 10/463,535, 09/592,680, 09/433,366 and 09/095,902 areconsidered as being part of the disclosure of the present application,and the entire disclosures of U.S. application Ser. Nos. 11/929,164,10/463,535, 09/592,680, 09/433,366 and 09/095,902 are expresslyincorporated by reference herein their entireties.

The present application also expressly incorporates by reference hereinthe entire disclosure of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/095,905, entitled“Adjustable Length Member Such as a Cap of a Lancet Device for AdjustingPenetration Depth”, filed Jun. 11, 1998, which issued as U.S. Pat. No.6,346,114.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a lancet device whose penetration depthis adjustable. The lancet device is adapted to be substantiallyinexpensive to manufacture and easy and safe to use by physicallyimpaired individuals who take their own blood samples.

2. Description of Background Information

The field relating to disposable and reusable lancet devices issubstantially crowded. U.S. Pat. No. 5,464,418 to SCHRAGA, thedisclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety,discloses a reusable lancet device having an elongate triangular housingand triangular cap segment.

Lancets which allow adjustment of the penetration depth include U.S.Pat. No. 5,318,584 to LANGE et al., the disclosure of which isincorporated by reference herein in its entirety. This documentdiscloses a blood lancet device for withdrawing blood for diagnosticpurposes. The penetration depth of this blood lancet device may beadjusted by adjusting the position of a sealing cap relative to ahousing.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,924,879 to O'BRIEN, the disclosure of which isincorporated by reference herein in its entirety, discloses a bloodlancet device. The penetration depth may be adjusted by adjusting theposition of a skin surface sensor which may be a small socket headscrew.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,613,978 to HARDING, the disclosure of which isincorporated by reference herein in its entirety, discloses anadjustable tip for a lancet device. The penetration depth of this lancetmay be adjusted by adjusting the position of an outer cylindrical sleeverelative to an inner sleeve.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,895,147 to BODICKY et al., the disclosure of which isincorporated by reference herein in its entirety, discloses a lancetinjector which includes an elongate tubular housing with a penetrationdepth selector provided thereon. Rotation of the penetration depthselector causes a control member to contact different contact edges tothereby control the distance that a lancet tip protrudes through acentral opening.

U.S. Pat. No. 1,135,465 to POLLOCK, the disclosure of which isincorporated by reference herein in its entirety, discloses a lancet.The distance that a plunger is allowed to move forward may be changed byan adjustable movement limiting or regulating collar.

Canadian Patent No. 523,078, the disclosure of which is incorporated byreference herein in its entirety, discloses a surgical device for use inthe treatment of snake bites. The surgical device includes a lance orblade whose penetration depth may be adjusted by inserting or removing astop bar from the path of the lance or blade.

SUTOR et al., “Bleeding from Standardized Skin Punctures: AutomatedTechnic for Recording Time, Intensity, and Pattern of Bleeding”,A.J.C.P., Vol. 55, pp. 542-549 (May 1971), the disclosure of which isincorporated by reference herein in its entirety, discloses a Mayoautomatic lancet. A knurled thumb screw allows adjustment of depth ofcut by regulating distance between a plunger and a striking head bymeans of a millimeter scale.

Although there are several devices which allow adjustment of thepenetration depth, there are important factors relating to the safe andeffective use of lancet assemblies which have not been addressed by suchdevices. Specifically, there is a need for a lancet device having anadjustable penetration depth whose penetration depth adjustmentmechanism is reliable and difficult to accidentally change.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed toward a lancet device, such as areusable lancet device, to be utilized with a lancet whose penetrationdepth is adjustable.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a lancet devicewhich has an adjustable penetration depth. The penetration depth may beadjusted by adjusting the length of a needle holding member, byadjusting the length of a housing, by adjusting the position of a stop,and/or by adjusting the depth of a cavity of a proximal segment of aneedle holding member.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a lancet devicehaving a penetration depth adjustment mechanism which is containedentirely within a housing to reduce the possibility of accidentalmisadjustment of the penetration.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a lancet devicehaving a penetration depth adjustment mechanism with a simplified capconstruction.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a lancet devicewhich is substantially cost effective to manufacture due to a smallnumber of individual pieces to be put together, yet will still besubstantially safe during use.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a lancetdevice which provides for facilitated and effective cap positioning byimpaired individuals.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a lancetdevice which is comfortably positionable within a user's hand and willnot roll around within a user's hand or on a flat surface.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an improvedlancet device which does not necessitate that an exteriorly exposedplunger assembly be utilized in order to position the lancet in aretracted, ready-to-use position.

Further, the device of the present invention is designed to be utilizedby individuals to do their own routine blood test such as individualswho do home monitoring of their blood such as diabetes patients. As aresult, the present invention requires precise adaptation to make iteffective yet safe for the user. As a result, the device of the presentinvention is comprised of a small number of individual pieces, therebymaking the lancet device easier and substantially more cost effective tomanufacture and provide for use by patients, without compromising any ofthe safety needs and in fact increasing the safety of use.

In accordance with one aspect, the present invention is directed to alancet device, including: a housing; a cap for covering the housing andfor positioning the lancet device relative to a skin surface; a needleholding member for holding a lancet, the needle holding member being atleast partially contained within the housing; a biasing element forbiasing the needle holding member toward an extended position; a triggerfor releasing the needle holding member from a retracted position; and atravel adjustment mechanism capable of adjusting a length of travel ofsaid needle holding member, said travel adjustment mechanism beingpositioned within at least one of said housing and said cap during atleast a portion of the length of travel of said needle holding member.The travel adjustment mechanism may be completely positioned orcompletely contained within at least one of the housing and the capduring at least a portion of the length of travel of the needle holdingmember.

In accordance with another aspect, the needle holding member comprises afirst component and a second component, and the travel adjustmentmechanism comprises a threaded connection between the first componentand the second component. The travel adjustment mechanism may furtherinclude a protruding element on one of the first component and thesecond component, and grooves on the other of the first component andthe second component, with the protruding element being capable ofengaging the grooves. The protruding element may comprise a nipple or aspring-biased ball.

In accordance with yet another aspect, the needle holding membercomprises a first component and a second component, and the traveladjustment mechanism comprises a spring-biased element on one of thefirst component and the second component, and a plurality of recesses inthe other of the first component and the second component, with thespring-biased element being capable of engaging the recesses.

In accordance with still another aspect, the needle holding membercomprises a first component and a second component, and the traveladjustment mechanism comprises grooves in one of the first component andthe second component, and a ridge on the other of the first componentand the second component, with the ridge being capable of engaging thegrooves.

In accordance with still another aspect, the needle holding membercomprises a first component and a second component, and the traveladjustment mechanism comprises grooves in one of the first component andthe second component, and at least one leaf spring on the other of thefirst component and the second component, with the at least one leafspring being capable of engaging the grooves.

In accordance with still another aspect, the housing comprises aplurality of stops, and the needle holding member comprises a protrusionfor engaging the stops one at a time. The needle holding member and thehousing may be capable of rotating relative to each other.

In accordance with another aspect, the travel adjustment mechanism ispositioned within said housing and said cap during the length of travelof said needle holding member.

In accordance with another aspect, the present invention is directed toa lancet device, comprising: a housing; a cap for covering the housingand for positioning the lancet device relative to a skin surface; aneedle holding member for holding a lancet, the needle holding memberbeing at least partially contained within the housing, a length of theneedle holding member being adjustable; a biasing element for biasingthe needle holding member toward an extended position; and a trigger forreleasing the needle holding member from a retracted position.

In accordance with another aspect, the present invention is directed toa lancet device, comprising: a housing containing at least one stop; acap for covering the housing and for positioning the lancet devicerelative to a skin surface; a needle holding member for holding alancet, the needle holding member being at least partially containedwithin the housing, the needle holding member having at least oneprotrusion for striking the at least one stop of the housing; a biasingelement for biasing the needle holding member toward an extendedposition; a trigger for releasing the needle holding member from aretracted position; and an alignment mechanism capable of aligning theat least one stop of the housing and the at least one protrusion of theneedle holding member to adjust the extended position of the needleholding member.

In accordance with another aspect, the housing comprises an upperhousing and a lower housing, and the alignment mechanism comprises athreaded connection between the upper housing and the lower housing. Theat least one stop may comprise a guide collar on the lower housing.

In accordance with still another aspect, the housing comprises an upperhousing and a lower housing, and the alignment mechanism comprises aspring between the upper housing and the lower housing to bias the lowerhousing into the upper housing, and the alignment mechanism comprises aspacer between the upper housing and the lower housing to act against abiasing force of the spring. The at least one stop may comprise a guidecollar on the lower housing.

In accordance with yet another aspect, the housing comprises an upperhousing and a lower housing, with the lower housing having the at leastone stop which comprises a plurality of stops, and the alignmentmechanism comprises a threaded connection between the upper housing andthe lower housing. The plurality of stops may comprise stops atdifferent radial and axial positions on an interior of the lowerhousing.

In accordance with another aspect, the at least one stop comprises aplurality of stops, and the alignment mechanism comprises a rotaryconnection between the housing and the needle holding member. Theplurality of stops may comprise stops at different radial and axialpositions on an interior of the housing.

In accordance with another aspect, the present invention is directed toa lancet device, comprising: a housing; a cap for covering the housingand for positioning the lancet device relative to a skin surface; aneedle holding member comprising a cavity having a depth for holding alancet, the needle holding member being at least partially containedwithin the housing; a biasing element for biasing the needle holdingmember toward an extended position; a trigger for releasing the needleholding member from a retracted position; and an adjustable memberdisposed within the cavity of the needle holding member for adjustingthe cavity depth of the needle holding member.

In accordance with still another aspect, the adjustable member comprisesa screw.

In accordance with yet another aspect, the needle holding membercomprises a turn-key having a pinion, and the adjustable membercomprises a nail having a tail which has a rack for engaging the pinion.

In accordance with another aspect, the present invention is directed toa lancet device, comprising: a housing; a cap for covering the housingand for positioning the lancet device relative to a skin surface; aneedle holding member for holding a lancet, the needle holding memberbeing at least partially contained within the housing; a biasing elementfor biasing the needle holding member toward an extended position; atrigger for releasing the needle holding member from a retractedposition; and means for adjusting a penetration depth of a lancet byadjusting a travel distance of the needle holding member, the means foradjusting the penetration depth being capable of being contained withinthe housing and the cap.

In accordance with another aspect, the present invention is directed toa lancet device, comprising: a housing; a cap for covering the housingand for positioning the lancet device relative to a skin surface; aneedle holding member for holding a lancet, the needle holding memberbeing at least partially contained within the housing; a biasing elementfor biasing the needle holding member toward an extended position; atrigger for releasing the needle holding member from a retractedposition; and means for adjusting a penetration depth of a lancet byadjusting a length of the needle holding member.

In accordance with another aspect, the present invention is directed toa lancet device, comprising: a housing containing at least one stop; acap for covering the housing and for positioning the lancet devicerelative to a skin surface; a needle holding member for holding alancet, the needle holding member being at least partially containedwithin the housing, the needle holding member having at least oneprotrusion for striking the at least one stop of the housing; a biasingelement for biasing the needle holding member toward an extendedposition; a trigger for releasing the needle holding member from aretracted position; and means for adjusting a penetration depth of alancet by aligning the at least one stop of the housing and the at leastone protrusion of the needle holding member.

In accordance with another aspect, the present invention is directed toa lancet device, comprising: a housing; a cap for covering the housingand for positioning the lancet device relative to a skin surface; aneedle holding member comprising a cavity having a depth for holding alancet, the needle holding member being at least partially containedwithin the housing; a biasing element for biasing the needle holdingmember toward an extended position; a trigger for releasing the needleholding member from a retracted position; and means for adjusting apenetration depth of a lancet by adjusting the cavity depth of theneedle holding member.

The invention also provides for a lancet device that includes a firsthousing comprising a proximal end and a distal end. A first guide wallis disposed within the first housing. The first guide wall comprises anopening. A cap is removably mounted to the proximal end of the firsthousing and is utilized for positioning the lancet device relative to askin surface. A needle holding member is provided for holding a lancet.The needle holding member is at least partially contained within thefirst housing. At least a portion of the needle holding member is ableto move within the opening of the first guide wall. A first spring isutilized for biasing the needle holding member toward an extendedposition. The first spring surrounds a portion of the needle holdingmember and is disposed between the first guide wall and a shoulder ofthe needle holding member. A movable trigger is arranged on a side ofthe first housing. The trigger has a first position and a secondposition, wherein when the trigger is moved to the second position, theneedle holding member is allowed to move from a retracted position to anextended position. A movable second housing comprises a proximal end, adistal end and a second guide wall arranged at the proximal end of thesecond housing. The second guide wall comprises an opening. A portion ofthe needle holding member is able to move within the opening of thesecond guide wall. The second housing is configured to move the needleholding member to the retracted position when the second housing ismoved away from the first housing. The proximal end of the secondhousing is configured to move axially within the distal end of the firsthousing. A second spring is utilized for biasing the second housingtowards the first housing. The second spring surrounds a portion of theneedle holding member and is disposed between the second guide wall andanother shoulder of the needle holding member. At least a portion of theneedle holding member is always retained within the first housing.

The lancet device may further comprise a lock retainer mounted to adistal end of the needle holding member. The first housing may be one oftriangular, D-shaped, and polygonal. The other shoulder of the needleholding member may be arranged at a distal end of the needle holdingmember.

The invention also provides for a lancet device comprising a firsthousing comprising a proximal end and a distal end. A first guide wallis arranged within the first housing. The first guide wall comprises anopening. A cap is removably mounted to the proximal end of the firsthousing and is utilized for positioning the lancet device relative to askin surface. A needle holding member is utilized for holding a lancet.The needle holding member is at least partially contained within thefirst housing. At least a portion of the needle holding member is ableto move within the opening of the first guide wall. A first spring isutilized for biasing the needle holding member toward an extendedposition. The first spring surrounds a portion of the needle holdingmember and is disposed between the first guide wall and a shoulder ofthe needle holding member. A trigger is arranged on a side of the firsthousing. The trigger having a first position and a second position,wherein when the trigger is moved to the second position, the needleholding member is allowed to move from a retracted position to anextended position. A second housing comprises a proximal end, a distalend and a second guide wall. The second housing is configured to movethe needle holding member to the retracted position when the secondhousing is moved away from the first housing. The second guide wallcomprises an opening. At least a portion of the needle holding member isable to move within the opening of the second guide wall. The proximalend of the second housing is configured to move axially within thedistal end of the first housing. A second spring is utilized for biasingthe second housing towards the first housing. The second springsurrounds a distal portion of the needle holding member and is disposedbetween the second guide wall and a distal end of the needle holdingmember. A lock retainer is mounted to the distal end of the needleholding member. At least a portion of the needle holding member isalways retained within the first housing.

The second spring may be arranged between the lock retainer and thesecond guide wall. The first housing may be one of triangular, D-shaped,and polygonal. The distal end of the needle holding member may comprisesa shoulder.

The invention also provides for a lancet device comprising a firsthousing comprising a proximal end and a distal end. A first guide wallis arranged inside the first housing. The first guide wall comprises anopening. A cap is removably mounted to the proximal end of the firsthousing. The cap has a proximal end for engaging a skin surface. Amovable needle holding member is utilized for holding a lancet. Theneedle holding member is at least partially contained within the firsthousing. At least a portion of the needle holding member is able to movewithin the opening of the first guide wall. A first spring is utilizedfor biasing the needle holding member toward an extended position. Thefirst spring surrounds at least a portion of the needle holding member.The first spring is disposed between the first guide wall and a shoulderof the needle holding member. A trigger is arranged on a side wall ofthe first housing. The trigger is movable between a first position and asecond position, wherein when the trigger is moved to the secondposition, the needle holding member is allowed to move from a retractedposition to an extended position. A movably mounted second housingcomprises a proximal end and a distal end. The second housing comprisesa second guide wall. The second housing is configured to move the needleholding member to the retracted position when the second housing ismoved axially away from the first housing. The second guide wallcomprises an opening. A portion of the needle holding member is able tomove within the opening of the second guide wall. The proximal end ofthe second housing is configured to move axially within the distal endof the first housing. A second spring is utilized for biasing the secondhousing towards the first housing. A lock retainer is mounted to adistal end of the needle holding member. The second spring surrounds aportion of the needle holding member and is disposed between the secondguide wall and the lock retainer. At least a portion of the needleholding member is always retained within the first housing.

The first housing may be one of triangular, D-shaped, and polygonal. Thedistal end of the needle holding member may comprise a shoulder.

The invention also provides for a lancet device comprising a mainhousing comprising a proximal end and a distal end. A guide wall isarranged in the main housing and extends transverse to an axis runningthrough the main housing. The guide wall comprises an opening. A cap isremovably mounted to the proximal end of the main housing. The cap has aproximal end for engaging a skin surface. A movable needle holdingmember is utilized for holding a lancet. The needle holding member is atleast partially contained within the main housing. At least a portion ofthe needle holding member is able to move within the opening of theguide wall. A first spring biases the needle holding member toward anextended position. The first spring surrounds a portion of the needleholding member. The first spring is arranged between the guide wall anda shoulder of the needle holding member. A trigger is arranged on a sidewall of the main housing. The trigger is movable between a firstposition and a second position, wherein when the trigger is moved to thesecond position, the needle holding member is allowed to move from aretracted position to an extended position. A distal housing comprises aproximal end and a distal end. The distal housing comprises a guidewall. The distal housing is configured to move the needle holding memberto the retracted position when the distal housing is moved away from themain housing. The guide wall of the distal housing comprises an opening.A portion of the needle holding member is able to move within theopening of the guide wall of the distal housing. The proximal end of thedistal housing is configured to move axially within the distal end ofthe main housing. A second spring is utilized for biasing the distalhousing towards the main housing. A lock retainer is mounted to a distalend of the needle holding member. The second spring surrounds a distalportion of the needle holding member and is disposed between the guidewall of the distal housing and the lock retainer. At least a portion ofthe needle holding member is always retained within the first housing.

The main housing may be one of triangular, D-shaped, and polygonal. Thedistal end of the needle holding member comprises a shoulder.

The invention also provides for a lancet device comprising a mainhousing comprising a proximal end and a distal end. A guide wall isarranged in the main housing and extends transverse to an axis runningthrough the main housing. The guide wall comprises an opening. A cap isremovably mounted to the proximal end of the main housing. The cap has aproximal end for engaging a skin surface. A movable needle holdingmember is utilized for holding a lancet. The needle holding member is atleast partially contained within the main housing. A portion of theneedle holding member is able to move within the opening of the guidewall. A first spring is utilized for biasing the needle holding membertoward an extended position. The first spring surrounds a portion of theneedle holding member. The first spring is disposed between the guidewall and a shoulder of the needle holding member. A movable trigger isarranged on a side of the main housing. The trigger is movable between afirst position and a second position, wherein when the trigger is movedto the second position, the needle holding member is allowed to movefrom a retracted position to an extended position. A distal housing isarranged at the distal end of the main housing. The distal housingcomprises a proximal end, a distal end and a guide wall arranged at theproximal end of the distal housing. The distal housing is configured tomove the needle holding member to the retracted position when the distalhousing is moved away from the main housing. The guide wall of thedistal housing comprises an opening. A portion of the needle holdingmember is able to move within the opening of the guide wall of thedistal housing. The proximal end of the distal housing is configured tomove axially within the distal end of the main housing. A second springbiases the distal housing towards the main housing. The second springsurrounds a portion of the needle holding member and is disposed betweenthe guide wall of the distal housing and a distal end of the needleholding member. At least a portion of the needle holding member isalways retained within the first housing.

The lancet device may further comprise a lock retainer mounted to thedistal end of the needle holding member. The main housing may be one oftriangular, D-shaped, and polygonal. The lancet device may furthercomprise a distal shoulder arranged at the distal end of the needleholding member. The needle holding member may comprise a mechanism thatcooperates with the trigger to retain the needle holding member in aretracted position. The mechanism may comprise a shoulder. The lancetdevice may further comprise a fastening mechanism for securing the capto the main housing. The proximal end of the main housing may be openand the distal end of the main housing may be open.

The invention also provides for a lancet device comprising a firsthousing comprising a proximal end and a distal end. A first guide wallis disposed within the first housing. The first guide wall comprises anopening. A cap is removably mounted to the proximal end of the firsthousing and utilized for positioning the lancet device relative to askin surface. A needle holding member is utilized for holding a lancet.The needle holding member is at least partially contained within thefirst housing. At least a portion of the needle holding member is ableto move within the opening of the first guide wall. A first spring isutilized for biasing the needle holding member toward an extendedposition. The first spring surrounds a portion of the needle holdingmember and is disposed between the first guide wall and a shoulder ofthe needle holding member. A movable trigger is arranged on a side ofthe first housing. The trigger has a first position and a secondposition, wherein when the trigger is moved to the second position, theneedle holding member is allowed to move from a retracted position to anextended position. A movable second housing comprises a proximal end, adistal end, a shoulder arranged between the proximal end and the distalend, and a second guide wall arranged at the proximal end of the secondhousing. The second guide wall comprises an opening. A portion of theneedle holding member is able to move within the opening of the secondguide wall. The second housing is configured to move the needle holdingmember to the retracted position when the second housing is moved awayfrom the first housing. The proximal end of the second housing isconfigured to move axially within the distal end of the first housing. Asecond spring is utilized for biasing the second housing towards thefirst housing. The second spring surrounds a portion of the needleholding member and is disposed between the second guide wall and anothershoulder of the needle holding member. At least a portion of the needleholding member is always retained within the first housing.

The lancet device may further comprise a lock retainer mounted to adistal end of the needle holding member. The first housing may be one oftriangular, D-shaped and polygonal. The other shoulder of the needleholding member may be arranged at a distal end of the needle holdingmember. The shoulder of the second housing may be sized to be largerthan the proximal end of the second housing, whereby the shoulder of thesecond housing limits movement of the second housing towards the firsthousing.

The invention also provides for a lancet device comprises a firsthousing comprising a proximal end and a distal end. A second housing isat least partially disposed in the first housing. A guide wall isarranged on the second housing. The guide wall is disposed within thefirst housing. The guide wall comprises an opening. A removably mountedcap is utilized for positioning the lancet device relative to a skinsurface. A needle holding member is utilized for holding a lancet. Theneedle holding member is at least partially contained within the firsthousing and the second housing. At least a portion of the needle holdingmember is able to move within the opening of the guide wall of thesecond housing. A first spring is utilized for biasing the needleholding member toward an extended position. The first spring surrounds aportion of the needle holding member and is disposed between the guidewall of the second housing and a shoulder of the needle holding member.A trigger is arranged on a side of the first housing. The trigger has afirst position and a second position, wherein when the trigger is movedto the second position, the needle holding member is allowed to movefrom a retracted position to an extended position. A third housingcomprises a proximal end, a distal end and a guide wall. The thirdhousing is configured to move the needle holding member to the retractedposition when the third housing is moved away from the first housing.The guide wall of the third housing comprises an opening. At least aportion of the needle holding member is able to move within the openingof the guide wall of the third housing. The proximal end of the thirdhousing is configured to move axially within the distal end of the firsthousing. A second spring is utilized for biasing the third housingtowards the first housing. The second spring surrounds a distal portionof the needle holding member and is disposed between the guide wall ofthe third housing and a distal end of the needle holding member. A lockretainer is mounted to the distal end of the needle holding member. Atleast a portion of the needle holding member is always retained withinthe first housing.

The second spring may be arranged between the lock retainer and theguide wall of the third housing. The first housing may be one oftriangular, D-shaped, and polygonal. The distal end of the needleholding member may comprise a shoulder.

The invention also provides for a lancet device comprising a firsthousing comprising a proximal end and a distal end. A first guide wallis arranged on a second housing. The second housing is at leastpartially disposed within the first housing. The first guide wall isdisposed inside the first housing. The first guide wall comprises anopening. A removably mounted cap. The cap has a proximal end forengaging a skin surface. A movable needle holding member for holding alancet, the needle holding member being at least partially containedwithin the first housing. At least a portion of the needle holdingmember is able to move within the opening of the first guide wall. Afirst spring is utilized for biasing the needle holding member toward anextended position. The first spring surrounds at least a portion of theneedle holding member. The first spring is disposed between the firstguide wall and a shoulder of the needle holding member. A trigger isarranged on a side wall of the first housing. The trigger is movablebetween a first position and a second position, wherein when the triggeris moved to the second position, the needle holding member is allowed tomove from a retracted position to an extended position. A movablymounted third housing comprises a proximal end and a distal end. Thethird housing comprises a second guide wall. The third housing isconfigured to move the needle holding member to the retracted positionwhen the third housing is moved axially away from the first housing. Thesecond guide wall comprises an opening. A portion of the needle holdingmember is able to move within the opening of the second guide wall. Theproximal end of the third housing is configured to move axially withinthe distal end of the first housing. A second spring is utilized forbiasing the third housing towards the first housing. A lock retainer ismounted to a distal end of the needle holding member. The second springsurrounds a portion of the needle holding member and is disposed betweenthe second guide wall and the lock retainer. At least a portion of theneedle holding member is always retained within the first housing.

The first housing may be one of triangular, D-shaped, and polygonal. Thedistal end of the needle holding member may comprise a shoulder.

The invention also provides for a lancet device comprising a mainhousing comprising a proximal end and a distal end. An inner housing isat least partially disposed in the first housing. A guide wall isarranged at an end of the inner housing. The guide wall extendstransverse to an axis running through the main housing. The guide wallcomprises an opening. A cap is disposed at the proximal end of the mainhousing. The cap is removable and has a proximal end for engaging a skinsurface. A movable needle holding member is utilized for holding alancet, the needle holding member being at least partially containedwithin the main housing. At least a portion of the needle holding memberis able to move within the opening of the guide wall. A first springbiases the needle holding member toward an extended position. The firstspring surrounds a portion of the needle holding member. The firstspring is arranged between the guide wall and a shoulder of the needleholding member. A trigger is arranged on a side wall of the mainhousing. The trigger is movable between a first position and a secondposition, wherein when the trigger is moved to the second position, theneedle holding member is allowed to move from a retracted position to anextended position. A distal housing comprises a proximal end, a distalend and a guide wall. The distal housing is configured to move theneedle holding member to the retracted position when the distal housingis moved away from the main housing. The guide wall of the distalhousing comprises an opening. A portion of the needle holding member isable to move within the opening of the guide wall of the distal housing.The proximal end of the distal housing is configured to move axiallywithin the distal end of the main housing. A second spring is utilizedfor biasing the distal housing towards the main housing. A lock retaineris mounted to a distal end of the needle holding member. The secondspring surrounds a distal portion of the needle holding member and isdisposed between the guide wall of the distal housing and the lockretainer. At least a portion of the needle holding member is alwaysretained within the first housing.

The main housing may be one of triangular, D-shaped, and polygonal. Thedistal end of the needle holding member may comprise a shoulder.

The invention also provides for a lancet device comprising a mainhousing comprising an open proximal end and an open distal end. An innerhousing is at least partially disposed in the main housing. A guide wallis arranged on the inner housing and within the main housing. The guidewall comprises an opening. A removably mounted cap is provided. The caphas a proximal end for engaging a skin surface. A movable needle holdingmember is utilized for holding a lancet, the needle holding member beingat least partially contained within the main housing. A portion of theneedle holding member is able to move within the opening of the guidewall. A first spring is utilized for biasing the needle holding membertoward an extended position. The first spring surrounds a portion of theneedle holding member. The first spring is disposed between the guidewall and a shoulder of the needle holding member. The needle holdingmember has a proximal end that projects from the open proximal end ofthe main housing when the needle holding member is in the extendedposition. A movable trigger is arranged on a side of the main housing.The trigger is movable between a first position and a second position,wherein when the trigger is moved to the second position, the needleholding member is allowed to move from a retracted position to anextended position. A distal housing is disposed at the distal end of themain housing. The distal housing comprises a proximal end, a distal endand a guide wall arranged at the proximal end of the distal housing. Thedistal housing is configured to move the needle holding member to theretracted position when the distal housing is moved away from the mainhousing. The guide wall of the distal housing comprises an opening. Aportion of the needle holding member is able to move within the openingof the guide wall of the distal housing. The proximal end of the distalhousing is configured to move axially within the distal end of the mainhousing. A second spring biases the distal housing towards the mainhousing. The second spring surrounding a portion of the needle holdingmember and is disposed between the guide wall of the distal housing anda distal end of the needle holding member. At least a portion of theneedle holding member is always retained within the first housing.

The lancet device may further comprise a lock retainer mounted to thedistal end of the needle holding member. The main housing may be one oftriangular, D-shaped, and polygonal. The lancet device may furthercomprise a distal shoulder arranged at the distal end of the needleholding member. The needle holding member may comprise a mechanism thatcooperates with the trigger to retain the needle holding member in theretracted position. The mechanism comprises a shoulder. The lancetdevice may further comprise a fastening mechanism for securing the capto the main housing.

The invention also provides for a lancet device comprising a firsthousing comprising a proximal end and a distal end. A movable trigger isarranged on a side wall of the first housing. A first guide wall isdisposed within the first housing. The first guide wall extendstransverse to an axis running through the first housing and comprisingan opening. A removably mounted cap is utilized for positioning thelancet device relative to a skin surface. A needle holding member isutilized for holding a lancet, the needle holding member being at leastpartially contained within the first housing. At least a portion of theneedle holding member is able to move within the opening of the firstguide wall. A first spring biases the needle holding member toward anextended position. The first spring surrounds a portion of the needleholding member and is disposed between the first guide wall and ashoulder of the needle holding member. The needle holding membercomprises a projecting portion arranged between a proximal end of theneedle holding member and the shoulder of the needle holding member. Theprojecting portion acts to retain the needle holding member in theretracted position. The trigger has a first position and a secondposition, wherein when the trigger is moved to the second position, theneedle holding member is allowed to move from a retracted position to anextended position. A movable second housing comprises a proximal end, adistal end and a second guide wall arranged at the proximal end of thesecond housing. The second guide wall comprises an opening. A portion ofthe needle holding member is able to move within the opening of thesecond guide wall. The second housing is configured to move the needleholding member to the retracted position when the second housing ismoved away from the first housing. The proximal end of the secondhousing is configured to move axially within the distal end of the firsthousing. A second spring is utilized for biasing the second housingtowards the first housing. The second spring surrounds a portion of theneedle holding member and is disposed between the second guide wall anda distal end of the needle holding member. At least a portion of theneedle holding member is always retained within the first housing.

The invention also provides for a lancet device comprising a mainhousing comprising a proximal end and a distal end. A movable trigger isarranged on a side wall of the first housing. A guide wall is disposedwithin the first housing. The guide wall comprises an opening. Aremovably mounted cap is utilized for positioning the lancet devicerelative to a skin surface. A needle holding member is utilized forholding a lancet, the needle holding member being at least partiallycontained within the first housing. At least a portion of the needleholding member is able to move within the opening of the guide wall. Afirst spring biases the needle holding member toward an extendedposition. The first spring surrounds a portion of the needle holdingmember and is disposed between the guide wall and a shoulder of theneedle holding member. The needle holding member comprises a projectingportion arranged between a proximal end of the needle holding member andthe shoulder of the needle holding member. The projecting portion actsto retain the needle holding member in the retracted position. Thetrigger has a first position and a second position, wherein when thetrigger is moved to the second position, the needle holding member isallowed to move from a retracted position to an extended position. Amovable distal housing comprises a proximal end, a distal end and aguide wall arranged at the proximal end of the distal housing. The guidewall of the distal housing comprises an opening. A portion of the needleholding member is able to move within the opening of the guide wall ofthe distal housing. The distal housing is configured to move the needleholding member to the retracted position when the distal housing ismoved away from the main housing. The proximal end of the distal housingis configured to move axially within the distal end of the main housing.A second spring biases the second housing towards the first housing. Thesecond spring surrounds a portion of the needle holding member and isdisposed between the guide wall of the distal housing and a distal endof the needle holding member. At least a portion of the needle holdingmember is always retained within the main housing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention is further described in the detailed descriptionwhich follows, in reference to the noted plurality of non-limitingdrawings, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view of the lancet device ofthe present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along line 2-2 of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D are isolated, cross-sectional views of thelancet device illustrating the functioning of the lancet.

FIG. 4 is an isolated view of the trigger button of the lancet device ofthe present invention.

FIG. 5 is a bottom plan view of the triangular cap segment of the lancetdevice of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an isolated perspective view of the lancet device illustratingthe positioning of a disposable lancet therein.

FIG. 7 is an isolated cross-sectional view illustrating the positioningof the biasing element of the lancet device according to one embodimentof the present invention, wherein the needle holding member is shown inits fully extended position.

FIG. 8 is an isolated perspective view of a second embodiment of thestopper of the lancet device.

FIG. 9 is a top view of the proximal central segment of the presentinvention showing grooves for engaging a protruding element of theproximal segment.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment for adjusting thelength of the needle holding member involving a spring-biased elementfor engaging holes.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment for adjusting thelength of the needle holding member involving a proximal segment havinggrooves and a proximal central segment having ridges for engaging thegrooves of the proximal segment.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment for adjusting thelength of the needle holding member involving a proximal segment havinggrooves and a proximal central segment having a pair of leaf springs forengaging the grooves of the proximal segment.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the proximal central segment ofFIG. 12 before insertion into the proximal segment.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment for adjusting thelength of the housing involving a threaded upper housing which engages athreaded lower housing having a guide collar for engaging a flanged endof the needle holding member, wherein the needle holding member is shownin its fully extended position.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment for adjusting thelength of the housing involving a spring which biases an upper housingand a lower housing against a spacer, wherein the needle holding memberis shown in its fully extended position.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment for adjusting thelength of the housing, involving a spring which biases a needle holdingmember in a retracted position and threaded members for adjusting thelength of the housing, wherein the needle holding member is shown in itsretracted position.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment for adjusting whichstop is engaged involving a threaded upper housing which engages athreaded lower housing having a plurality of stops for engaging a fingerof a needle holding member, wherein the needle holding member is shownin its fully extended position.

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment for adjusting whichstop is engaged involving a housing having a plurality of stops and arotatable needle holding member which has a finger for engaging theplurality of stops one at a time, wherein the needle holding member isshown in its fully extended position.

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment for adjusting acavity depth involving an adjustable bottom member which is a screw.

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment for adjusting acavity depth involving an adjustable bottom member which is adjusted byuse of a rack and pinion.

Like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several viewsof the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The particulars shown herein are by way of example and for purposes ofillustrative discussion of the various embodiments of the presentinvention only and are presented in the cause of providing what isbelieved to be the most useful and readily understood description of theprinciples and conceptual aspects of the invention. In this regard, noattempt is made to show details of the invention in more detail than isnecessary for a fundamental understanding of the invention, thedescription taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled inthe art how the several forms of the invention may be embodied inpractice.

Before referring to the Figures, a broad overview of preferred aspectsof the invention is provided. The lancet device includes an elongatehousing, which is preferably triangular, adapted to fit within theuser's hand. This housing includes a first end, which can be closed oropen, an open second end, and an elongate channel therein which extendsfrom the first end to the second end.

Disposed within this elongate channel is an elongate needle holdingmember. This needle holding member is movable between a cocked,retracted position and an extended position. The needle holding memberis structured to hold a disposable lancet therein, such that a pointthereof extends away from the needle holding member.

A biasing element is disposed within the housing. The biasing element isadapted to urge the needle holding member into an extended position forpenetrating a user's skin when not held in a retracted position.

According to the present invention, there are several differentembodiments for adjusting the penetration depth of the lancet, i.e., foradjusting the maximum distance which the lancet in the needle holdingmember extends out of the housing. The penetration depth may be adjustedby adjusting the length of the needle holding member, by adjusting thelength of the housing, by adjusting the position of a stop, and/or byadjusting the depth of a cavity of the needle holding member. Adjustingthe penetration depth is important because different penetration depthsare necessary to draw blood from different people due to differences inskin thickness, differences in healing time of the skin puncture,differences in pain tolerances, and differences in the amount of bloodneeded to be drawn.

Regardless of how the penetration depth is adjusted, the presentinvention includes a stopper system to prevent axial movement of theneedle holding member within the housing. Utilizing the stopper system,the needle holding member will always be retained within the channeldespite its movement from the cocked, retracted position to the extendedposition.

The needle holding member is held in the cocked, retracted position, andaccordingly a biasing element is held in a retracted, compressedposition, until released by a trigger. The trigger releases the needleholding member from the cocked, retracted position which results in animmediate movement of the needle holding member to the extended positionas a result of the functioning of the biasing element.

The lancet device also includes a cap segment, which is preferablytriangular, with an open first side and a closed second side containinga piercing opening therein. The open first side is adapted to bematingly fitted over the open second end of the housing, therebycontaining the needle holder member and disposable lancet therein. Whenin a cocked, retracted position, or after use, the needle holding memberis disposed such that the point of the disposable lancet is concealedwithin the cap segment. During use, upon release by the trigger, theneedle holding member is immediately moved to the extended positionwherein the point of the disposable lancet will momentarily extendthrough a piercing opening into a piercing position which punctures ahole in a user's skin and then retracts back beneath the cap segment.

Moreover, before referring to the Figures, the illustrated reusablelancet device is similar to that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,464,418 toSCHRAGA, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference inits entirety.

FIGS. 1-9 illustrate embodiments of the present invention which involveadjusting the penetration depth of a disposable lancet by adjusting thelength of a needle holder member via a threaded connection between twosegments of the needle holder member. The reusable lancet device 10 ispreferably formed of a lightweight, rigid or semi-rigid, andsubstantially inexpensive plastic material and is adapted for use with astandard type of disposable lancet 60. The reusable lancet device 10includes primarily an elongate, substantially triangular shaped housing20. The housing 20 includes the substantially triangular shape, withslightly rounded corners, such that it will be easy to manipulate andwill not unnecessarily roll around within a user's hand, especially ifthe user is sick, old, or otherwise impaired. Although the mostpreferred shape of the housing 20 is triangular, the housing 20 may beother shapes such as round but is preferably any shape that will notroll around on a flat surface such as D-shaped, rectangular, oroctagonal. As evident from the above discussion and from the drawings,the housing 20 preferably has a longitudinal axis A.

The elongate triangular housing 20, as illustrated in FIG. 2, includes aclosed first end 22, an open second end 24, and an elongate channel 26.Further, the housing 20 is preferably molded of two halves to be joinedtogether, so as to facilitate manufacture. The elongate channel 26extends from the closed first end 22 to the open second end 24.

Slidably positioned within the channel 26 is an elongate needle holdingmember or lancet holding member 30. This needle holding member 30, whichis movable between a cocked, retracted position, illustrated in FIG. 2,and an extended position, illustrated in FIG. 3B, includes foursegments. Specifically, the needle holding member 30 is formed of adistal segment 32, a distal central segment 35, a proximal centralsegment 31, and a proximal segment 38. As evident from the abovediscussion and from the drawings, the lancet holding member or lancetholder 30 preferably has a longitudinal axis B.

The proximal segment 38 and the proximal central segment 31 cooperate toform an adjustment mechanism 70 for adjusting the length of the needleholding member 30. The length adjustment mechanism 70 involves athreaded connection between the proximal segment 38 and the proximalcentral segment 31. The proximal segment 38 includes external threads 72and the proximal central segment 31 includes internal threads 74 forengaging each other. In an alternative embodiment which is not shown inthe drawings, the threading is reversed such that the proximal segment38 has internal threading and the proximal central segment 31 hasexternal threading.

To allow the length of the needle holding member to be set at aparticular length, the threaded length adjustment mechanism includes aprotruding element 76 on the proximal segment 38 which engages grooves78 on the proximal central segment 31. The protruding element 76 isshown as a single nipple but may be more than one nipple and may be oneor more spring-biased balls in alternative embodiments.

Upon rotation of the proximal segment 38 and the proximal centralsegment 31 relative to each other about the threaded connection of thelength adjustment mechanism 70, the overall length of the needle holdingmember 30 is increased or decreased depending upon the direction ofrotation. During rotation, the protruding element 76 snaps into and outof grooves 78 such that the length of the needle holding member may befixed at a particular length by leaving the protruding element 76engaged in a particular groove 78. FIG. 9 shows how the grooves 78 andinternal threads 74 are positioned within the interior of the proximalcentral segment 31. Other techniques for setting the position ofthreaded elements may also be used to fix the length of the needleholding member 30, such as using a set screw, using washers, or usingscrews often used on bicycles which have nylon inserts for deterringrotation of the screw.

The proximal segment 38, which protrudes from the open second end 24 ofthe housing 20 is adapted to hold the disposable lancet 60 therein.Specifically, the disposable lancet 60 includes a main body 65 and apoint 61, which until use is contained within a protective cap 62. Whenused, the body 65 is inserted into a cavity 39 of the proximal segment38, as illustrated in FIG. 2, then the protective cap 62 is pulled ortwisted from the point 61. Although the cavity 39 and disposable lancet60 are shown as being round, the cavity 39 and disposable lancet 60could be any other shapes, such as square, octagonal, etc., so long asthe disposable lancet can be engaged in the cavity 39. The disposablelancet 60 is held in the proximal segment 38 such that the point 61points away from the housing and such that sliding movement of theneedle holding member 30 will result in corresponding movement of thedisposable lancet 60. As evident from the above discussion and from thedrawings, the needle holding member or lancet holding member or lancetholder 30 may be separate from the disposable lancet 60.

The overall sliding and axial movement of the needle holding member 30is regulated by a stopper system. In the preferred embodiment, detailedin FIG. 2, the stopper system includes a guide collar or guide wall 28disposed within the housing 20. The guide collar or guide wall 28extends transversely to the housing axis A-A and is adapted to receivethe distal segment 32 of the needle holding member 30 slidablytherethrough. This occurs because the guide wall 28 has a throughopening that allows a portion of the needle holding member 30 to movewithin it. The needle holding member 30 is preferably flat such that itwill slide through the opening in the guide wall or collar 28, but willnot rotate axially therein, thereby assuring that the needle holdingmember 30 will remain properly oriented when moved into its cocked,retracted position. Further, the guide collar 28 is sized to retain aflanged end 33 of the distal segment 32 of the needle holding member 30between the closed first end 22 of the housing 20 and the guide collar28. In this manner, inward movement of the needle holding member withinthe housing 20 is limited by the flanged end 33 contacting the closedfirst end 22 of the housing 20, and outward movement of the needleholding member 20 is limited by the flanged end 33 of the distal segment32 contacting the guide collar 28. In this manner, the needle holdingmember 30 will be retained within the channel 26.

Turning to FIG. 7, an alternative embodiment of the stopper systemincludes an elongate slot (also referred to as elongate opening andelongate hole) disposed in the distal segment 32 of the needle holdingmember 30. The slot or opening or hole is positioned such that a peg(also referred to as post) 28′ which extends from an interior of thehousing 20 passes therethrough. The peg or post 28′ remains within theelongate slot or opening or hole at all times thereby limiting movementof the needle holding member 30 to a length of the slot or opening orhole and assuring that the needle holding member 30 is retained withinthe channel 26 of the housing 20. Also, positioning of the peg or post28′ within the slot or opening or hole will not allow axial rotation ofthe needle holding member 30.

Turning to FIG. 8, an alternative embodiment of the stopper systemincludes an elongate slot (also referred to as elongate opening andelongate hole) 33′ disposed in the distal segment 32 of the needleholding member 30. The slot or opening or hole is positioned such that apeg (also referred to as post) 28″ which extends from an interior of thehousing 20 passes therethrough. The peg or post 28″ remains within theelongate slot or opening or hole 33′ at all times thereby limitingmovement of the needle holding member 30 to a length of the slot oropening or hole 33′ and assuring that the needle holding member 30 isretained within the channel 26 of the housing 20. Also, positioning ofthe peg or post 28″ within the slot or opening or hole 33′ will notallow axial rotation of the needle holding member 30.

Although the stopper systems of FIGS. 7 and 8 involve an interactionbetween the distal segment 32 of the needle holding member 30 and astationary element, the stopper system could involve an interactionbetween another segment of the needle holding member and a stationaryelement. For instance, the stopper system could involve interaction ofthe distal central segment 35 with an element attached to the housing20.

So as to contain and shield the exposed point 61 of the disposablelancet 60, a triangular cap segment 50 is included. The triangular capsegment 50 includes an open first side 51 and a closed second side 52.The cap segment 50 is adapted to have substantially the sameconfiguration as the housing 20 and is sized such that the open firstside 51 may be matingly fitted over the open second end 24 of thehousing 20. Of course, although the cap segment 50 is shown as beingtriangular, the cap segment 50 may be other shapes depending upon theshape of the housing 20.

Further, the open second end 24 of the housing 20 extends from a lip 25formed in the housing 20, the lip 25 being disposed such that the openfirst side 51 of the cap segment 50 slides onto the housing 20 over theopen second end 24 of the housing 20 and will abut the lip 25 providinga smooth contoured finish. The cap segment 50 will be removably fittedon the housing 20 preferably through corresponding proportioning of aninterior dimension of the open first side 51 of the cap segment 50relative to the open second end 24 of the housing 20, but alternativelyengagement ridges or a similar removable fastener system may be includedto secure the cap segment 50 on the housing 20. Other removable fastenersystems include threads, locking clips, and locking buttons.

Disposed in the closed second side 52 of the cap segment 50 is apiercing opening 53. The piercing opening 53 is positioned such thatwhen the needle holding member 30, containing a disposable lancet 60therein, is moved to its fully extended position, the point 61 of thedisposable lancet 60 will protrude through the piercing opening 53 topuncture a desired surface. FIG. 3B shows the needle holding member 30in its fully extended position with the length of the needle holdingmember 30 adjusted such that the disposable lancet 60 will strike thecap segment 50 in the fully extended position.

FIG. 3C also illustrates the needle holding member 30 in its fullyextended position. The length of the needle holding member 30, however,has been shortened such that the disposable lancet 60 does not strikethe cap segment 50 in the fully extended position. Thus, adjusting thelength of the needle holding member 30 adjusts the penetration depth ofthe disposable lancet 60.

So as to move the needle holding member 30 from its cocked, retractedposition to its fully extended position, a biasing element is included.While other types of biasing elements may be used, the biasing elementis preferably in the form of a coil spring 40 disposed about the distalsegment 32 of the needle holding member 30. Other types of springs whichmay be useful as biasing elements include leaf springs and C-springs.The spring 40 is positioned such that it will abut a flanged lip 34formed in the needle holding member 30 and will abut the housing 20.Preferable a side of the spring 40 which abuts the housing 20 will havea larger relaxed diameter than an opposite side of the spring 40. In afirst embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 2, one end of the spring 40 ispositioned to contact the guide collar 28 of the housing 20 and ispreferably embedded in an annular ridge 42 formed in the housing 20. Theopposite side of the spring 40, which abuts the needle holding member 30is preferably contained within an annular ridge 43 formed at the flangedlip 34. In the embodiment of FIGS. 1-7, the spring 40 abuts the housing20 at peg 28′ which is positioned through the slot 33′ in the distalsegment 32 as shown in FIG. 7. In an alternative embodiment illustratedin FIG. 8, the spring 40 abuts peg 28″ which is also positioned throughthe slot 33′ in the distal segment 32.

With the spring 40 positioned appropriately, when extended, the spring40 will urge the needle holding member 30 toward the open second end 24of the housing 20. When the needle holding member 30 is in itsretracted, cocked position, as detailed in FIG. 2, the spring 40 iscompressed. Once the needle holding member 30 is allowed to move to itsextended position, the spring 40 will quickly and immediately move theneedle holding member 30 to the fully extended position with the point61 of the disposable lancet 60 protruding through the piercing opening53 to puncture a desired surface. As evident from the above discussionand from the drawings, the spring or biasing element 40 preferablyexpands in a direction of the longitudinal axis B of the lancet holdingmember or lancet holder 30 and preferably pushes the lancet holdingmember or lancet holder 30. Depending upon how the length of the needleholding member 30 is set, the disposable lancet 60 will strike the capsegment 50, (see FIG. 3B), or will not strike the cap segment 50, (seeFIG. 3C), in the fully extended position.

After this initial release and movement to the fully extended position,the spring 40 relaxes such that the needle holding member 30 will moveslightly back toward the closed first end 22 of the housing 20, asillustrated in FIG. 3D, into a relaxed position wherein the point 61 ofthe disposable lancet 60 is contained within the cap segment 50 and willnot accidentally contact a user unnecessarily.

In order to hold the needle holding member 30 in its cocked, retractedposition, and subsequently allow release by a user in order to initiatemovement of the needle holding member 30 to its extended position, atrigger is included. The trigger preferably includes an aperture 29formed in the housing 20 near the open second end 24 thereof. Alsoincluded as part of the trigger is an outwardly biased engagementsegment or cantilever extension 36 which extends from the distal centralsegment 35 of the needle holding member 30. The engagement segment orcantilever extension 36 includes a distal lip segment 37 which contactsan interior of the housing 20 as the needle holding member 30 slideswithin the channel 26. Contact is made due to the outwardly biasingnature of the engagement segment 36, and when the needle holding member30 is pushed into the housing 20 so as to be in its retracted, cockedposition, the distal lip segment 37 extends upwardly into the aperture29 formed in the housing 20 so as to contact the housing 20 inside theaperture 29 and maintain the needle holding member 30 in its retracted,cocked position and the spring 40 in its compressed position.

In order to release the needle holding member 30 from its retracted,cocked position, the engagement segment 36 must be pushed such that thedistal lip segment 37 exits the aperture 29 and the needle holdingmember 30 can move freely to its fully extended position due to thebiasing force of the spring 40. In order to push the engagement segment36, a trigger button 45 is disposed within the aperture 29. The triggerbutton 45, as detailed in FIG. 4, includes an upper section 46 whichprotrudes through the aperture 29 to an exterior of the housing 20 and aflanged base portion 47 which is disposed within the housing 20 so as toassure that the trigger button 45 does not get pushed out of the housing20 through the aperture 29. Disposed within the base 47 is a channel 48positioned such that the distal lip segment 37 of the engagement segment36 will slide therethrough and be able to engage the housing 20 withinthe aperture 29.

The reusable lancet device 10 of the present invention, as recited,includes a relatively small number of distinct pieces. The use of such asmall number of pieces enables quick and substantially inexpensivemanufacturing of the reusable lancet device 10 of the present invention,thereby making a cost effective product which can be available to thepublic without compromising safety.

During use, the needle holding member 30 is moved to its retracted,cocked position by removing the cap segment 50, placing the disposablelancet 60 within the needle holding member 30, and pushing thedisposable lancet 60 and accordingly the needle holding member 30 intothe housing 20 until the trigger engages. Once properly positioned, theprotective cap 62 can be removed from the disposable lancet 60 so as toexpose the point 61, and the cap segment 50 is replaced thereover. Dueto the triangular shape, the cap segment 50 will securely and properlyfit over the housing 20 no matter which orientation a user utilizes topush the cap segment 50 onto the housing 20. After a single use of thedisposable lancet 60, the cap 50 is removed, the disposable lancet 60 isremoved and discarded appropriately, and the reusable lancet device 10of the present invention is ready for an additional use. As evident fromthe above discussion and from the drawings, the lancet holding member orlancet holder 30 is preferably separate from the lancet 60.

When a user wishes to adjust the length of the needle holding member 30,the cap segment 50 is removed. The proximal segment 38 and the proximalcentral segment 31 are rotated relative to each other by use of thethreaded connection such that the protruding element 76 snaps into andout of grooves 78. To fix the length of the needle holding member, theuser leaves the protruding element 76 engaged in a particular groove 78.The cap segment 50 is then put back on the housing to cover the lengthadjustment mechanism 70 so that the reusable lancet device is againready for use. At this point, it should be noted that once the useradjusts the penetration depth to an appropriate depth, the penetrationdepth usually does not need to be adjusted again.

FIG. 10 shows another embodiment for adjusting the length of the needleholding member. The proximal central segment 31 is provided with aspring-biased cylindrical element 80 comprised of a protruding element82 and a spring 84. Although the spring-biased element 80 is shown asbeing cylindrical, other shapes such as square may be useful. Thespring-biased element 80 is perpendicular to an axis of the proximalcentral segment 31. Of course, the spring-biased element 80 does notneed to be exactly perpendicular to the proximal central segment 31.

The proximal segment 38 is provided with a plurality of holes 86. Theholes 86 are located at different positions with respect to the axiallength of the proximal segment 38. For example, the holes 86 may belocated at different axial and radial positions so as to form a spiraleffect about the proximal segment 38. Instead of holes 86, the proximalsegment 38 could be provided with recesses for the spring-biased element80 to engage.

The spring-biased element 80 and the holes 86 are designed to engageeach other to fix the length of the needle holding member 30. The lengthof the needle holding member 30 may be adjusted by changing the hole 86in which the spring-biased element 80 is engaged. The embodiment shownin FIG. 10 may be modified such that the proximal segment is providedwith the spring-biased element and the proximal central segment isprovided with the holes.

FIG. 11 illustrates another embodiment for adjusting the length of theneedle holding member 30. The proximal segment 38 has an interiorprovided with a plurality of grooves 90 formed by ridges 92. Theproximal segment 38, which is formed of a resilient material, also has apair of handles 94 on a distal end which can be grabbed by a user toseparate the sides having the grooves 90.

The proximal central segment 31 includes a neck 96 provided with tworidges 98. The ridges 98 are designed to engage the grooves 90 of theproximal segment 38.

The length of the needle holding member 30 is adjusted by changing thegroove 90 in which the ridges 98 of the neck 96 are engaged. Tofacilitate changing the length, a user may grab handles 94 to increasethe distance between the grooves 90.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 11 may be modified to form the ridges as asingle ridge which forms a circle about the top of the head of theproximal central segment. In this modified embodiment, the groove inwhich the ridge is engaged is changed by forcing the ridge from onegroove to another groove. Accordingly, handles are omitted from thismodified embodiment. The ridges, of course, may also number greater thantwo.

FIG. 12 shows another embodiment for adjusting the length of the needleholding member. The proximal segment 38 has an interior which isprovided with a plurality of grooves 100 formed by ridges 102.

The proximal central segment 31 has a pair of leaf springs 104 forengaging the grooves 100. Although a pair of leaf springs 104 are shown,a different number of leaf springs may be used. A distal end of eachleaf spring is preferably provided with a pair of buttons 106 whichallow a user to push the leaf springs 104 together. FIG. 13 shows theproximal central segment 31 as molded to show the direction in which theleaf springs 104 are biased. Although the leaf springs 104 are shown asbeing made of a resilient plastic, the leaf springs may be a separatepiece formed of a metal such as stainless steel or brass.

The length of the needle holding member 30 is adjusted by changing thegroove 100 in which the leaf springs 104 are engaged. To facilitatechanging the length, a user squeezes the leaf springs 104 togetherthrough use of buttons 106 to reduce the distance between the leafsprings 104.

In another group of embodiments, the length of the needle holding membermay be fixed and the length of the housing is adjusted to adjust thepenetration depth of the lancet. In this group of embodiments, thedevice is similar to that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,464,418 toSCHRAGA, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference inits entirety, except for the housing length adjustment mechanisms asdiscussed below. Thus, in this group of embodiments, the needle holdingmember includes a distal segment, a central segment, and the proximalsegment.

FIG. 14 illustrates one embodiment for adjusting the housing length. InFIG. 14, the needle holding member 30 is shown in its fully extendedposition. The housing 20 comprises an upper housing 20A and a lowerhousing 20B. The upper housing 20A includes internal threads 110, andthe lower housing 20B includes external threads 112. The position of theupper housing 20A relative to the lower housing 20B may be adjusted viarotation about threads 110, 112.

The guide collar 28 of this embodiment is provided on the lower housing20B. The flanged end 33 of the distal segment 32 of the needle holdingmember cooperates with the guide collar in the same manner as describedabove. Thus, the guide collar 28 engages the flanged end 33 provided onthe needle holding member 30 to thereby limit the amount of travel ofthe needle holding member 30. Thus, the guide collar 28 of the lowerhousing 20A limits the extent to which the needle holding member 30extends in its fully extended position such that adjusting the positionof the guide collar 28 adjusts the penetration depth.

FIG. 15 illustrates another embodiment for adjusting the length of thehousing. In FIG. 15, the needle holding member 30 is shown in its fullyextended position. The housing 20 comprises an upper housing 20A and alower housing 20B. A spring 120 is disposed between the upper housing20A and the lower housing 20B to bias the housing 20 into a shortlength. Spacers 122 of varying lengths may be inserted between thespring-biased members of the housing 20 to set the length of the housing20 at desired lengths. The spacers 122 may be formed of most anymaterial but are preferably formed of rubber or nylon. Alternatively,the spacers may be in the form of C-clip spacers.

The lower housing 20B includes a guide collar 28 for engaging a flangedend 33 of the needle holding member 30 to thereby limit the amount oftravel of the needle holding member 30. Thus, similar to the embodimentshown in FIG. 14, adjusting the position of the guide collar 28 limitsthe extent to which the needle holding member 30 extends in its fullyextended position.

FIG. 16 illustrates yet another embodiment for adjusting the length ofthe housing. In FIG. 16, the needle holding member 30 is shown in itsfully retracted position. The housing 20 comprises an upper housing 20A,a lower housing 20B, and a middle housing 20C. The upper housing 20Aincludes internal threads 170 which cooperate with external threads 172on the middle housing 20C for adjusting the length of the housing 20.Thus, adjusting the length of the housing involves screwing orunscrewing the lower housing 20B relative to the middle housing 20C.

Adjusting the length of the housing 20 adjusts the position of a guidecollar 174 located on the middle housing 20C. The guide collar 174 isdesigned to cooperate with a flange 176 located on the needle holdingmember 30 to thereby limit the amount of travel of the needle holdingmember 30. Thus, similar to the embodiments of FIGS. 14 and 15,adjusting the position of the guide collar 174 limits the extent towhich the needle holding member 30 extends in its fully extendedposition.

A coil spring 178 is disposed between a lower housing guide collar 180and a lock retainer 182. The lock retainer 182 includes two holes 184into which two fingers 186 of the needle holding member 30 are insertedand snapped into place. The lower housing 20B includes a cap 188 whichprovides access into the lower housing 20B. Access into lower housing20B facilitates positioning of coil spring 178 during assembly.

During assembly, the needle holding member 30 is inserted into lowerhousing 20B. After the coil spring 178 is placed around the needleholding member 30, the lock retainer is attached to the needle holdingmember 30 to hold the coil spring 178 in position. After this assembly,the cap 188 is inserted into the lower housing 20B to prevent access tothe interior of the lower housing 20B.

Once the device has been assembled, to cock the needle holding member30, the lower housing 20B is pulled out of the middle housing 20C topull the needle holding member 30 until a trigger, not shown, which issimilar to the trigger of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-7, engages theneedle holding member 30. Upon release of the lower housing 20B, thecoil spring 178 biases the lower housing 20B back into the middlehousing 20C.

As evident from the above discussion and from the drawings, the housing20A may comprise a distal end opening. The lancet device may furthercomprise an end cap (20B and 188) covering the distal end opening of thehousing 20A. The lancet device may further comprise an additionalbiasing element 178 which biases the end cap (20B and 188) toward thehousing 20A. The end cap (20B and 188) may be associated with the lancetholding member 30, wherein the lancet device is cocked by pulling theend cap (20B and 188) away from the housing 20A until the trigger 45engages the lancet holding member 30. A portion of the end cap (20B and188) may be positioned within the housing 20A.

Thus, as evident from the above discussion and from the drawings, thelancet device may include a generally elongate housing 20A having aforward end opening and a back end opening; a cap 50 with a through hole53 at a forward end; a lancet holder 30, slidably mounted within thehousing 20A; a biasing element 40 which biases the lancet holder 30toward the forward end opening of the housing 20A; a button 45, movablebetween a first position in which the lancet holder is restrained whenthe lancet device is cocked and a second position in which the restraintis removed, permitting the biasing element 40 to thrust the lancetholder 30 forward; and a closure (188, 20B) at the back end of thehousing, including an adjustment element comprising a protrusion 174that stops the forward motion of the lancet holder 30 at a predeterminedposition, and wherein the adjustment element adjusts the position of theprotrusion 174 to controllably change and reset the predeterminedposition at which the lancet holder 30 is stopped. The lancet device maybe cocked by pulling the closure (188, 20B) away from the housing untilthe button 45 engages the lancet holder 30. The adjustment element maycomprise a threaded connection for attaching the closure (188, 20B, 20C)to the housing 20A, whereby rotating the closure (188, 20B, 20C) on thehousing 20A positions the protrusion 174 forward and back.

FIG. 16 also relates to an embodiment in which a first guide wall 174 isdisposed within a first housing 20A. The first guide wall 174 extendstransverse to an axis A-A running through the first housing 20A and thewall 174 includes an opening. The needle holding member 30 is at leastpartially contained within the first housing 20A. At least a portion ofthe needle holding member is able to move within the opening of thefirst guide wall 174. A first spring 40 biases the needle holding member30 toward an extended position. The first spring 40 surrounds a portionof the needle holding member 30 and is disposed between the first guidewall 174 and a shoulder 34 of the needle holding member 30. The needleholding member 30 includes a projecting portion 37 arranged between aproximal end of the needle holding member 30 and the shoulder 34 of theneedle holding member 30. The projecting portion 37 acts to retain theneedle holding member 30 in the retracted position (see e.g., FIG. 2). Amovable second housing 20B includes an upper or proximal end, a lower ordistal end and a second guide wall 180 arranged at the proximal end ofthe second housing 20B. The second guide wall 180 extends transverselyto axis A-A and includes an opening. A portion of the needle holdingmember 30 is able to move within the opening of the second guide wall180. The second housing 20B is configured to move the needle holdingmember 30 to the retracted position when the second housing 20B is movedaway from the first housing 20A. The proximal end of the second housing20B is configured to move axially within the lower or distal end of thefirst housing 20A. A second spring 178 is utilized for biasing thesecond housing 20B towards the first housing 20A. The second spring 178surrounds a portion of the needle holding member 30 and is disposedbetween the second guide wall 180 and a distal end 186 of the needleholding member 30. A lock retainer 182 is mounted to the distal end 186of the needle holding member 30 and the distal end 186 of the needleholding member 30 has shoulders that engage the lock retainer 182. As isevident from the embodiment shown in FIG. 16, at least a portion of theneedle holding member 30 is always retained within the first housing20A.

FIG. 16 also relates to an embodiment in which a first housing 20Aincludes a proximal end and a lower or distal end. A second housing 20Cis at least partially disposed in the first housing 20A. A guide wall174 is arranged on the second housing 20C. The guide wall 174 extendstransversely to the axis A-A and is disposed within the first housing20A. The guide wall 174 include an opening. The needle holding member 30is at least partially contained within the first housing 20A and thesecond housing 20C. At least a portion of the needle holding member 30is able to move within the opening of the guide wall 174 of the secondhousing 20C. A first spring 40 is utilized for biasing the needleholding member 30 toward an extended position. The first spring 40surrounds a portion of the needle holding member 30 and is disposedbetween the guide wall 174 of the second housing 20C and a shoulder 34of the needle holding member 30. A third housing 20B includes an upperor proximal end, a lower or distal end and a guide wall 180. The thirdhousing 20B is configured to move the needle holding member 30 to theretracted position when the third housing 20B is moved away from thefirst housing 20A. The guide wall 180 of the third housing includes anopening. At least a portion of the needle holding member 30 is able tomove within the opening of the guide wall 180 of the third housing 20B.The proximal end of the third housing 20B is configured to move axiallywithin the distal end of the first housing 20A. A second spring 178 isutilized for biasing the third housing 20B towards the first housing20A. The second spring 178 surrounds a distal portion of the needleholding member 30 and is disposed between the guide wall 180 of thethird housing 20B and a distal end 186 of the needle holding member 30.A lock retainer 182 is mounted to the distal end 186 of the needleholding member 30. As is evident from FIG. 16, at least a portion of theneedle holding member 30 is always retained within the first housing20A.

In yet another group of embodiments, the penetration depth is adjustedby rotating the housing relative to the needle holding member to causethe needle holding member to engage different stops. The stops arearranged such that aligning the needle holding member with differentstops results in different penetration depths. In this group ofembodiments, the needle holding member may be of fixed length with adistal segment, a central segment, and a proximal segment as disclosedin U.S. Pat. No. 5,464,418 to SCHRAGA, the disclosure of which is hereinincorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIG. 17 illustrates an embodiment for adjusting the penetration depth bychanging which stop is engaged by rotating a portion of the housing 20relative to the needle holding member 30. The housing comprises an upperhousing 20A and a lower housing 20B. The upper housing 20A includesinternal threads 130, and the lower housing 20B includes externalthreads 132. The position of the upper housing 20A relative to the lowerhousing 20B may be adjusted via rotation about threads 130, 132.

The lower housing 20B includes a plurality of stops 134 for limiting thetravel of the needle holding member 30. The stops 134 are located atdifferent radial positions and at different axial positions topreferably form a spiral staircase effect on the interior of the lowerhousing 20B.

The needle holding member 30 includes a finger 136 for engaging one ofthese stops 134 at a time. Rotation of the upper housing 20A and lowerhousing 20B relative to each other causes the finger 136 of the needleholding member 30 to become aligned with different stops 134, one at atime. Since the stops 134 are located at different positions relative tothe axial length of the lower housing 20B, the amount of travel of theneedle holding member 30 is limited to different lengths. Thus, changingwhich stop engages the finger 136 of the needle holder member 30 adjuststhe extent to which the needle holding member 30 extends in its fullyextended position such that the penetration depth is adjusted.

As evident from the above discussion and from FIGS. 14, 16, and 17, thedepth adjustment mechanism (20B, FIG. 14; 20C, FIG. 16; 20B, FIG. 17)may be rotatably mounted on the housing 20A. Also as evident from theabove discussion and from FIGS. 14, 16, and 17, rotation of the depthadjustment mechanism may be limited by the housing.

FIG. 18 illustrates another embodiment for adjusting which stop isengaged, wherein rotation of the needle holding member relative to thehousing adjusts the penetration depth. A housing 20 includes a pluralityof stops 140 for limiting the travel of the needle holding member 30.The stops 140 are located at different radial positions and at differentaxial positions to preferably form a spiral staircase effect on theinterior of the housing 20.

The needle holding member 30 includes a finger 142 for engaging one ofthese stops 140 at a time. Rotation of the needle holding member 30relative to the housing 20 causes the finger 142 of the needle holdingmember 30 to become aligned with different stops 140, one at a time.Since the stops 140 are located at different positions relative to theaxial length of the housing 20, the amount of travel of the needleholding member 30 is limited to different lengths. Thus, changing whichstop 140 engages the finger 142 of the needle holder member 30 adjuststhe extent to which the needle holding member 30 extends in its fullyextended position to adjust the penetration depth.

In yet another group of embodiments, the reusable lancet device issimilar to that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,464,418 to SCHRAGA, thedisclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety,and includes a needle holding member which includes a distal segment, acentral segment, and a proximal segment. In this group of embodiments,the structure of the proximal segment for holding the disposable lancetincludes a cavity. The bottom of this cavity includes a member whoselocation may be adjusted. By adjusting the location of this member, thedepth of the cavity is adjusted such that the distance which the lancetextends out of the cavity is adjusted to adjust the penetration depth.

FIG. 19 illustrates an embodiment for adjusting the cavity depth. Aproximal segment 38 of the needle holding member 30 includes a cavity150 for holding a disposable lancet 60. The shape of the cavity 150 ispreferably round, but is designed to accept a disposable lancet. Thebottom of the cavity 150 is formed by an adjustable bottom member suchas a screw 152. By screwing or unscrewing the screw 152 before thedisposable lancet 60 is placed in the cavity 150, the depth of thecavity 150 may be adjusted to change the distance that the disposablelancet 60 extends out of the cavity 150. By changing the distance thatthe disposable lancet 60 extends out of the cavity 150, the penetrationdepth is adjusted.

FIG. 20 shows another embodiment for adjusting the cavity depth. Aproximal segment 38 of the needle holding member includes a cavity 160for holding a disposable lancet 60. The preferred shape of cavity 160 isround. The bottom of the cavity 160 is formed by an adjustable bottommember which comprises a nail 162 having a tail 164 provided with a rack166. The proximal segment 38 of the needle holding member 30 alsoincludes a turn-key 168 disposed perpendicular to the nail 162, and ahead (not shown) which is exposed on the exterior of the proximalsegment 38. The turn-key 168 is a screw provided with a pinion 169 at adistal end for engaging the rack 166 of the nail 162. By rotating theturn-key 168, the location of the adjustable bottom member may bechanged to adjust the depth of the cavity 160 of the proximal segment.Changing the location of the adjustable bottom member changes thedistance that the disposable lancet 60 extends out of the cavity 160 tothereby adjust the penetration depth. Once the height of the adjustablebottom member is set appropriately, the rotational position of theturn-key 168 could be locked by changing the vertical position of theturn-key 168 such that the pinion 169 engages a surface or a notch (notshown in the drawings) of the proximal segment 38. The turn-key may alsointeract with the adjustable bottom member in other manners in whichrotational motion in one direction may be converted into translationalmotion in a perpendicular direction, such as a worm gear arrangement inwhich the turn key and the adjustable bottom member have threads whichinteract with each other.

As evident from the above discussion and from the drawings, the depthadjustment mechanism is preferably disposed out of contact with thecover when the cover is covering the proximal end opening of thehousing.

Preferably, the components of the reusable lancet device of the presentinvention are made of plastic. Examples of desirable plastics includepolypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile butadienestyrene (ABS), nylon, linear polyoxymethylene-type acetal resin, e.g.,“DELRIN”, and polycarbonate (PC), e.g., “LEXAN”.

To assist in determining the penetration depth of the lancet, indiciacan be included on members that change position relative to each otherwhen the penetration depth is adjusted. For example, as illustrated inFIG. 1, indicia 87 and 88 can be included on proximal segment 38 andproximal central segment 31. The indica can comprise elements which canbe viewed by shape and/or color, such as reference numerals, letters,lines and geometric shapes. Moreover, the indica may be sensed by touch,such as raised elements, including braille. As illustrated, indica 87includes a line and indica 88 includes reference numerals. The referencenumerals can be numbers, such as from 0 to 5, with 0 being nopenetration to 5 being maximum penetration.

While the invention has been described in connection with certainpreferred embodiments so that aspects thereof may be more fullyunderstood and appreciated, it is not intended to limit the invention tothese particular embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to coverall alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be includedwithin the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

1. A lancet device comprising: a main housing comprising a proximal endand a distal end; a guide wall arranged in the main housing andextending transverse to an axis running through the main housing; theguide wall comprising an opening; a cap removably mounted to theproximal end of the main housing; the cap having a proximal end forengaging a skin surface; a movable needle holding member for holding alancet, the needle holding member being at least partially containedwithin the main housing; at least a portion of the needle holding memberbeing able to move within the opening of the guide wall; a first springfor biasing the needle holding member toward an extended position; thefirst spring surrounding a portion of the needle holding member; thefirst spring being disposed between the guide wall and a shoulder of theneedle holding member; a movable trigger arranged on a side of the mainhousing; the trigger being movable between a first position and a secondposition, wherein when the trigger is moved to the second position, theneedle holding member is allowed to move from a retracted position to anextended position; a distal housing arranged at the distal end of themain housing; the distal housing comprising a proximal end, a distal endand a guide wall arranged at the proximal end of the distal housing; thedistal housing being configured to move the needle holding member to theretracted position when the distal housing is moved away from the mainhousing; the guide wall of the distal housing comprising an opening; aportion of the needle holding member being able to move within theopening of the guide wall of the distal housing; the proximal end of thedistal housing being configured to move axially within the distal end ofthe main housing; a second spring that biases the distal housing towardsthe main housing; and the second spring surrounding a portion of theneedle holding member and being disposed between the guide wall of thedistal housing and a distal end of the needle holding member, wherein atleast a portion of the needle holding member is always retained withinthe first housing.
 2. The lancet device of claim 1, further comprising alock retainer mounted to the distal end of the needle holding member. 3.The lancet device of claim 1, wherein the main housing is one oftriangular, D-shaped, and polygonal.
 4. The lancet device of claim 2,further comprising a distal shoulder arranged at the distal end of theneedle holding member.
 5. The lancet device of claim 4, wherein theneedle holding member comprises a mechanism that cooperates with thetrigger to retain the needle holding member in a retracted position. 6.The lancet device of claim 5, wherein the mechanism comprises ashoulder.
 7. The lancet device of claim 4, further comprising afastening mechanism for securing the cap to the main housing.
 8. Thelancet device of claim 4, wherein the proximal end of the main housingis open and wherein the distal end of the main housing is open.
 9. Alancet device comprising: a first housing comprising a proximal end anda distal end; a first guide wall disposed within the first housing; thefirst guide wall comprising an opening; a cap removably mounted to theproximal end of the first housing and for positioning the lancet devicerelative to a skin surface; a needle holding member for holding alancet, the needle holding member being at least partially containedwithin the first housing; at least a portion of the needle holdingmember being able to move within the opening of the first guide wall; afirst spring for biasing the needle holding member toward an extendedposition; the first spring surrounding a portion of the needle holdingmember and being disposed between the first guide wall and a shoulder ofthe needle holding member; a movable trigger arranged on a side of thefirst housing; the trigger having a first position and a secondposition, wherein when the trigger is moved to the second position, theneedle holding member is allowed to move from a retracted position to anextended position; a movable second housing comprising a proximal end, adistal end, a shoulder arranged between the proximal end and the distalend, and a second guide wall arranged at the proximal end of the secondhousing; the second guide wall comprising an opening; a portion of theneedle holding member being able to move within the opening of thesecond guide wall; the second housing being configured to move theneedle holding member to the retracted position when the second housingis moved away from the first housing; the proximal end of the secondhousing being configured to move axially within the distal end of thefirst housing; a second spring for biasing the second housing towardsthe first housing; and the second spring surrounding a portion of theneedle holding member and being disposed between the second guide walland another shoulder of the needle holding member, wherein at least aportion of the needle holding member is always retained within the firsthousing.
 10. The lancet device of claim 9, further comprising a lockretainer mounted to a distal end of the needle holding member.
 11. Thelancet device of claim 9, wherein the first housing is one oftriangular, D-shaped and polygonal.
 12. The lancet device of claim 9,wherein the other shoulder of the needle holding member is arranged at adistal end of the needle holding member.
 13. The lancet device of claim9, wherein the shoulder of the second housing is sized to be larger thanthe proximal end of the second housing, whereby the shoulder of thesecond housing limits movement of the second housing towards the firsthousing.
 14. A lancet device comprising: a first housing comprising aproximal end and a distal end; a second housing at least partiallydisposed in the first housing; a guide wall arranged on the secondhousing; the guide wall being disposed within the first housing; theguide wall comprising an opening; a removably mounted cap forpositioning the lancet device relative to a skin surface; a needleholding member for holding a lancet, the needle holding member being atleast partially contained within the first housing and the secondhousing; at least a portion of the needle holding member being able tomove within the opening of the guide wall of the second housing; a firstspring for biasing the needle holding member toward an extendedposition; the first spring surrounding a portion of the needle holdingmember and being disposed between the guide wall of the second housingand a shoulder of the needle holding member; a trigger arranged on aside of the first housing; the trigger having a first position and asecond position, wherein when the trigger is moved to the secondposition, the needle holding member is allowed to move from a retractedposition to an extended position; a third housing comprising a proximalend, a distal end and a guide wall; the third housing being configuredto move the needle holding member to the retracted position when thethird housing is moved away from the first housing; the guide wall ofthe third housing comprising an opening; at least a portion of theneedle holding member being able to move within the opening of the guidewall of the third housing; the proximal end of the third housing beingconfigured to move axially within the distal end of the first housing; asecond spring for biasing the third housing towards the first housing;the second spring surrounding a distal portion of the needle holdingmember and being disposed between the guide wall of the third housingand a distal end of the needle holding member; and a lock retainermounted to the distal end of the needle holding member, wherein at leasta portion of the needle holding member is always retained within thefirst housing.
 15. The lancet device of claim 14, wherein the secondspring is arranged between the lock retainer and the guide wall of thethird housing.
 16. The lancet device of claim 14, wherein the firsthousing is one of triangular, D-shaped, and polygonal.
 17. The lancetdevice of claim 14, wherein the distal end of the needle holding membercomprises a shoulder.
 18. A lancet device comprising: a main housingcomprising an open proximal end and an open distal end; an inner housingat least partially disposed in the main housing; a guide wall arrangedon the inner housing and within the main housing; the guide wallcomprising an opening; a removably mounted cap; the cap having aproximal end for engaging a skin surface; a movable needle holdingmember for holding a lancet, the needle holding member being at leastpartially contained within the main housing; a portion of the needleholding member being able to move within the opening of the guide wall;a first spring for biasing the needle holding member toward an extendedposition; the first spring surrounding a portion of the needle holdingmember; the first spring being disposed between the guide wall and ashoulder of the needle holding member; the needle holding member havinga proximal end that projects from the open proximal end of the mainhousing when the needle holding member is in the extended position; amovable trigger arranged on a side of the main housing; the triggerbeing movable between a first position and a second position, whereinwhen the trigger is moved to the second position, the needle holdingmember is allowed to move from a retracted position to an extendedposition; a distal housing disposed at the distal end of the mainhousing; the distal housing comprising a proximal end, a distal end anda guide wall arranged at the proximal end of the distal housing; thedistal housing being configured to move the needle holding member to theretracted position when the distal housing is moved away from the mainhousing; the guide wall of the distal housing comprising an opening; aportion of the needle holding member being able to move within theopening of the guide wall of the distal housing; the proximal end of thedistal housing being configured to move axially within the distal end ofthe main housing; a second spring that biases the distal housing towardsthe main housing; and the second spring surrounding a portion of theneedle holding member and being disposed between the guide wall of thedistal housing and a distal end of the needle holding member, wherein atleast a portion of the needle holding member is always retained withinthe first housing.
 19. The lancet device of claim 18, further comprisinga lock retainer mounted to the distal end of the needle holding member.20. The lancet device of claim 18, wherein the main housing is one oftriangular, D-shaped, and polygonal.
 21. The lancet device of claim 18,further comprising a distal shoulder arranged at the distal end of theneedle holding member.
 22. The lancet device of claim 18, wherein theneedle holding member comprises a mechanism that cooperates with thetrigger to retain the needle holding member in the retracted position.23. The lancet device of claim 22, wherein the mechanism comprises ashoulder.
 24. The lancet device of claim 18, further comprising afastening mechanism for securing the cap to the main housing.
 25. Alancet device comprising: a first housing comprising a proximal end anda distal end; a movable trigger arranged on a side wall of the firsthousing; a first guide wall disposed within the first housing; the firstguide wall extending transverse to an axis running through the firsthousing and comprising an opening; a removably mounted cap forpositioning the lancet device relative to a skin surface; a needleholding member for holding a lancet, the needle holding member being atleast partially contained within the first housing; at least a portionof the needle holding member being able to move within the opening ofthe first guide wall; a first spring that biases the needle holdingmember toward an extended position; the first spring surrounding aportion of the needle holding member and being disposed between thefirst guide wall and a shoulder of the needle holding member; the needleholding member comprising a projecting portion arranged between aproximal end of the needle holding member and the shoulder of the needleholding member; the projecting portion acting to retain the needleholding member in the retracted position; the trigger having a firstposition and a second position, wherein when the trigger is moved to thesecond position, the needle holding member is allowed to move from aretracted position to an extended position; a movable second housingcomprising a proximal end, a distal end and a second guide wall arrangedat the proximal end of the second housing; the second guide wallcomprising an opening; a portion of the needle holding member being ableto move within the opening of the second guide wall; the second housingbeing configured to move the needle holding member to the retractedposition when the second housing is moved away from the first housing;the proximal end of the second housing being configured to move axiallywithin the distal end of the first housing; a second spring for biasingthe second housing towards the first housing; and the second springsurrounding a portion of the needle holding member and being disposedbetween the second guide wall and a distal end of the needle holdingmember, wherein at least a portion of the needle holding member isalways retained within the first housing.
 26. A lancet devicecomprising: a main housing comprising a proximal end and a distal end; amovable trigger arranged on a side wall of the main housing; a guidewall disposed within the main housing; the guide wall comprising anopening; a removably mounted cap for positioning the lancet devicerelative to a skin surface; a needle holding member for holding alancet, the needle holding member being at least partially containedwithin the main housing; at least a portion of the needle holding memberbeing able to move within the opening of the guide wall; a first springthat biases the needle holding member toward an extended position; thefirst spring surrounding a portion of the needle holding member andbeing disposed between the guide wall and a shoulder of the needleholding member; the needle holding member comprising a projectingportion arranged between a proximal end of the needle holding member andthe shoulder of the needle holding member; the projecting portion actingto retain the needle holding member in the retracted position; thetrigger having a first position and a second position, wherein when thetrigger is moved to the second position, the needle holding member isallowed to move from a retracted position to an extended position; amovable distal housing comprising a proximal end, a distal end and aguide wall arranged at the proximal end of the distal housing; the guidewall of the distal housing comprising an opening; a portion of theneedle holding member being able to move within the opening of the guidewall of the distal housing; the distal housing being configured to movethe needle holding member to the retracted position when the distalhousing is moved away from the main housing; the proximal end of thedistal housing being configured to move axially within the distal end ofthe main housing; a second spring that biases the distal housing towardsthe main housing; and the second spring surrounding a portion of theneedle holding member and being disposed between the guide wall of thedistal housing and a distal end of the needle holding member, wherein atleast a portion of the needle holding member is always retained withinthe main housing.
 27. A lancet device comprising: a housing comprisingan open first end and a closed second end; a movable trigger arranged ona side wall of the housing; a cap for positioning the lancet devicerelative to a skin surface, the cap being removably mounted to the openfirst end; a lancet holding member for holding a lancet, the lancetholding member being movably mounted within the housing; the lancetholding member comprising a front end which receives therein the lancetand a rear end comprising a projecting portion; the front end of thelancet holding member extending past the open first end when the lancetholding member is moved to the extended position; a first springarranged to cause the lancet holding member to move towards an extendedposition; a second spring arranged to cause the lancet holding member tomove towards a retracted position; the second spring being arranged tosurround a portion of the lancet holding member and comprising an endwhich contacts the projecting portion; and a stop surface fixed to thehousing and arranged within the housing, wherein the extended positionis defined by contact between the lancet holding member and the stopsurface, and wherein the second spring is compressed when the lancetholding member is moved to the extended position.
 28. The lancet deviceof claim 27, wherein, when the lancet is installed on the first end ofthe lancet holding member, the lancet holding member is capable ofmoving to the extended position without the lancet contacting an innersurface of the cap.
 29. The lancet device of claim 27, furthercomprising a mechanism for arming the lancet device, the mechanism beingmovably arranged at the closed second end and being configured tocompress the first spring during arming of the lancet device.
 30. Thelancet device of claim 27, further comprising a mechanism for limitingmovement of the lancet holding member into the housing, whereby inwardmovement is limited by contact between a surface of the lancet holdingmember and an inner surface of the housing.
 31. A lancet devicecomprising: a housing comprising an open first end and a closed secondend; a movable trigger arranged on a side wall of the housing; a cap forpositioning the lancet device relative to a skin surface, the cap beingremovably mounted to the open first end; a lancet holding member forholding a lancet, the lancet holding member being movably mounted withinthe housing; the lancet holding member comprising a front end whichreceives therein the lancet and a rear end comprising a flange portion;the front end of the lancet holding member extending past the open firstend when the lancet holding member is moved to the extended position; afirst spring arranged to cause the lancet holding member to move towardsan extended position; a second spring arranged to cause the lancetholding member to move towards a retracted position; the second springbeing arranged to surround a portion of the lancet holding member andcomprising an end which contacts the flange portion; a stop surfacefixed to the housing and arranged within the housing; an armingmechanism for arming the lancet device, the arming mechanism beingmovably arranged at the closed second end and being configured tocompress the first spring during arming of the lancet device; and amovement limiting mechanism for limiting movement of the lancet holdingmember into the housing, whereby inward movement is limited by contactbetween a surface of the lancet holding member and an inner surface ofthe housing, wherein the extended position is defined by contact betweenthe lancet holding member and the stop surface, wherein the secondspring is compressed when the lancet holding member is moved to theextended position, and wherein, when the lancet is installed on thefirst end of the lancet holding member, the lancet holding member iscapable of moving to the extended position without the lancet contactingan inner surface of the cap.
 32. A lancet device comprising: a housingcomprising an open front end and a rear end; a movable trigger arrangedon a side wall of the housing; a cap for positioning the lancet devicerelative to a skin surface, the cap being removably mounted to the openfront end; a lancet holding member for holding a lancet, the lancetholding member being movably arranged within the housing; the lancetholding member comprising a front end which receives therein the lancetand a rear end comprising a projecting portion; a first spring arrangedto cause the lancet holding member to move towards the extendedposition; the first spring surrounding a portion of the lancet holdingmember and comprising one end which contacts a portion of the lancetholding member and another end which contacts a portion of the housing;an other housing having a front portion that extends into the rear endof the housing and comprising a first wall having a first openingthrough which passes a rear portion of the lancet holding member; asecond spring arranged to cause the lancet holding member to movetowards a retracted position; the second spring being arranged tosurround the rear portion of the lancet holding member and comprisingone end which contacts the projecting portion and another end whichcontacts a surface of the first wall; and a surface having a secondopening and being arranged in the housing between the first wall and thefirst spring, the second opening allowing a portion of the lancetholding member to pass there through, wherein the first spring isarranged behind a portion of the lancet holding member that is engagedby the trigger, wherein movement of the other housing away from thehousing causes compression of the second spring, and wherein the secondspring is compressed when the lancet holding member is moved to theextended position by the first spring.
 33. The lancet device of claim32, wherein the lancet device has adjustable depth of penetration.
 34. Alancet device comprising: a first housing comprising a proximal end anda distal end; a cap removably mounted to the proximal end of the firsthousing and for positioning the lancet device relative to a skinsurface; a lancet holding member having a proximal end portionstructured and arranged to hold a lancet, the lancet holding memberbeing at least partially contained within the first housing; a firstspring for biasing the lancet holding member towards an extendedposition; the first spring surrounding a portion of the lancet holdingmember and having a distal end which contacts a portion of the firsthousing and a proximal end which contacts a portion of the lancetholding member; a trigger arranged on a side of the first housing andbeing positioned closer to the proximal end of the first housing than tothe distal end of the first housing; the trigger being structured andarranged to move between a first position and a second position whereinthe trigger causes a triggering of the lancet device and the lancetholding member is caused to move towards the extended position by thefirst spring; a second housing comprising a distal end, a proximal end,and a guide wall arranged at the proximal end and comprising an opening;the proximal end of the second housing being disposed within the firsthousing and the distal end of the second housing being disposed outsideof the first housing; at least a portion of the needle holding memberbeing able to move within the opening of the guide wall; the secondhousing being configured to move the lancet holding member to theretracted position when the second housing is moved away from the firsthousing; a second spring for biasing the second housing towards thefirst housing; the second spring surrounding a portion of the lancetholding member and being disposed between the guide wall and aprojecting portion arranged at a distal end portion of the lancetholding member; a surface having an opening arranged in the firsthousing between the guide wall and the first spring, the openingallowing a portion of the lancet holding member to pass there through,wherein at least a portion of the lancet holding member is alwaysretained within the first housing.
 35. The lancet device of claim 34,wherein the lancet device has adjustable depth of penetration.
 36. Alancet device, comprising: a main housing having a proximal end and adistal end; a cover having an opening, being removably mountable to theproximal end of the main housing, and having a surface for positioningthe lancet device relative to a skin surface; a lancet holding memberarranged within the main housing, the lancet holding member beingcapable of holding a lancet; a first biasing element surrounding aportion of the lancet holding member and being structured and arrangedto bias the lancet holding member toward the proximal end of the mainhousing; the first biasing element having one end contacting a portionof the lancet holding member and another end contacting a portion of themain housing; a trigger arranged on a side of the main housing and beingstructured and arranged to contact a projecting portion of the lancetholding member, wherein, during triggering of the lancet device,movement of the trigger releases the lancet holding member so that itcan move from a retracted position towards the proximal end of the mainhousing via the first biasing element; a member having a proximalportion extending into the main housing, a distal portion arrangedoutside the main housing, and a wall having an opening which allows aportion of the lancet holding member to pass therethrough; the memberbeing structured and arranged to move the lancet holding member to theretracted position when the member is moved away from the main housing;a second biasing element surrounding another portion of the lancetholding member and being structured and arranged to bias the membertoward the proximal end of the main housing; and the second biasingelement being smaller in diameter than the first biasing element andhaving one end contacting a distal portion of the lancet holding memberand another end contacting the wall of the member, wherein a change in adepth of penetration adjustment of the lancet device changes an overalllength of the lancet device.
 37. A lancet device, comprising: a mainhousing having a sidewall, a front end, and a rear end; a cover havingan opening and a surface for positioning the lancet device relative to askin surface; the cover being removably mountable to the front end ofthe main housing; a lancet holding member arranged within the mainhousing, the lancet holding member being capable of holding a lancet; afirst biasing element surrounding a portion of the lancet holding memberand being structured and arranged to bias the lancet holding membertoward the front end of the main housing; the first biasing elementhaving one end contacting a portion of the lancet holding member andanother end; a trigger arranged on the sidewall of the main housing,wherein, during triggering of the lancet device, movement of the triggerreleases the lancet holding member so that it can move from a retractedposition towards the front end of the main housing via the first biasingelement; a member having a front portion extending into the rear end ofthe main housing, a rear portion extending out past the rear end of themain housing, and a first wall having an opening which allows a portionof the lancet holding member to pass therethrough; the member having anaxial length that is shorter than an axial length of the main housing;the member being structured and arranged to move the lancet holdingmember to the retracted position when the member is moved back away fromthe main housing; a second biasing element surrounding another portionof the lancet holding member and being structured and arranged to biasthe member toward the front end of the main housing; the second biasingelement having one end contacting a rear portion of the lancet holdingmember and another end contacting the first wall; a second wall arrangedin the main housing and having an opening allowing a portion of thelancet holding member to pass therethrough; and the second wall beingarranged between the first wall and the other end of the first biasingelement, wherein a change in a depth of penetration adjustment of thelancet device changes an overall length of the lancet device, andwherein the lancet device is placed in a trigger-set position bymovement of the member back away from the main housing until aprojection of the lancet holding member is engaged.
 38. A lancet devicehaving depth of penetration adjustment, comprising: a main housinghaving a sidewall, a front end, and a rear end; a cover having anopening and a surface for positioning the lancet device relative to askin surface; the cover being removably mountable to the front end ofthe main housing; a lancet holding member movable within the mainhousing, the lancet holding member being capable of holding a lancet andcomprising a deflecting portion; a first biasing element surrounding aportion of the lancet holding member and being structured and arrangedto bias the lancet holding member toward the front end of the mainhousing; the first biasing element having one end contacting a portionof the lancet holding member and an other end; a trigger arranged on thesidewall of the main housing, wherein, during triggering of the lancetdevice, movement of the trigger releases the lancet holding member sothat it can move from a retracted position towards the front end of themain housing via the first biasing element; a member arranged at therear end of the main housing and comprising a rear portion extendingback past the rear end of the main housing; a first wall arranged withinthe member and having an opening which allows a portion of the lancetholding member to pass therethrough; the member being structured andarranged to move the lancet holding member to the retracted positionwhen the member is moved back away from the main housing; a secondbiasing element surrounding another portion of the lancet holding memberand being structured and arranged to bias the member toward the frontend of the main housing; the second biasing element having one endcontacting a rear portion of the lancet holding member and another endcontacting the first wall; a second wall arranged on the main housingand having an opening allowing a portion of the lancet holding member topass therethrough; and the second wall being arranged between the firstwall and the other end of the first biasing element, wherein a change inthe depth of penetration adjustment of the lancet device changes anoverall length of the lancet device, and wherein the lancet device isplaced in a trigger-set position by movement of the member back awayfrom the main housing until a portion of the deflecting portion of thelancet holding member engages with an aperture in the main housing,whereby the lancet holding member is retained in the trigger-setposition by engagement between the aperture and the portion of thedeflecting portion.
 39. A lancet device with depth of penetrationadjustment, comprising: a housing having a first end and a second end; acover removably mounted to the first end and comprising a surface forpositioning the lancet device relative to a skin surface; the surfacecomprising an opening; a lancet holding member movably arranged withinthe housing and having a front portion capable of holding a lancet; afirst spring surrounding a portion of the lancet holding member andbeing structured and arranged to move the lancet holding member from aretracted position to an extended position; the first spring having oneend contacting a portion of the lancet holding member and another end; atrigger arranged on a side of the housing closer to the first end thanto the second end of the housing; a member having a first portionextending into the housing, a second portion arranged outside thehousing, and a wall having an opening which allows a portion of thelancet holding member to pass therethrough; the member being structuredand arranged to move the lancet holding member to the retracted positionwhen the member is moved relative to the housing; a second springsurrounding another portion of the lancet holding member and beingstructured and arranged to bias the member toward the first end of thehousing; the second spring being disposed axially behind the firstspring and having one end contacting a rear portion of the lancetholding member and another end contacting the wall of the member; asecond wall arranged within the housing and allowing a portion of thelancet holding member to pass therethrough; and the second wall beingarranged between the wall and the other end of the first spring, whereina change in a depth of penetration adjustment of the lancet devicechanges an overall length of the lancet device, wherein the depth ofpenetration adjustment occurs when one part of the lancet device isrotated relative to another part of the lancet device, and wherein,during triggering of the lancet device, the lancet holding member iscause to move from the retracted position by the first spring.
 40. Alancet device, comprising: a housing having a first end and a secondend; a cover removably mounted to the first end and comprising a surfacefor positioning the lancet device relative to a skin surface; thesurface comprising an opening; a lancet holding member movably arrangedwithin the housing and having a front portion capable of holding alancet; a first spring surrounding a portion of the lancet holdingmember and being structured and arranged to move the lancet holdingmember from a retracted position to an extended position; the firstspring having one end contacting a portion of the lancet holding memberand another end; a trigger arranged on a side of the housing closer tothe first end than to the second end of the housing; a member having afirst portion extending into the housing, a second portion arrangedoutside the housing, and a wall having an opening which allows a portionof the lancet holding member to pass therethrough; the member beingstructured and arranged to move the lancet holding member to theretracted position when the member is moved relative to the housing; asecond spring surrounding another portion of the lancet holding memberand being structured and arranged to bias the member toward the firstend of the housing; the second spring being disposed axially behind thefirst spring and having one end contacting a rear portion of the lancetholding member and another end contacting the wall of the member; asecond wall arranged within the housing and allowing a portion of thelancet holding member to pass therethrough; and the second wall beingarranged between the wall and the other end of the first spring, whereina depth of penetration of a needle of the lancet relative to the surfaceis determined by contact between a surface of the lancet holding memberand the wall of the member, and wherein, during triggering of the lancetdevice, the lancet holding member is cause to move from the retractedposition to the extended position by the first spring.